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Metavers ou comment collaborer en immersive learning

The metaverse (or metaverse) is a term used to describe a shared virtual universe. In this environment, users can interact with each other or with the environment in real time.

Popularized by science fiction works and more recently by Mark Zuckerberg, the concept of the metaverse is increasingly being used in real-world applications, including immersive learning, collaborative work, online commerce, and entertainment. The metaverse is an innovation made possible by the software and hardware advancements in virtual reality and online multiplayer virtual world simulation technologies. If yesterday it seemed utopian, today it is a concrete and mature technology.

The term “metaverse” is often associated with the notion of persistence, meaning that it exists and evolves continuously, even when the user is disconnected. Its second characteristic is its accessibility to a large number of users in real time. However, it is commonly used to refer to all multi-user experiences in virtual reality. Thus, for immersive learning, we can benefit from the advantages of the metaverse while retaining the functionalities of training tracking (scenario-based structure, learner progress tracking, etc.). Adapted to training, it becomes a powerful tool with which it is possible to create progressive learning through scenarios, track learners’ progress, and promote co-activity.

State of the art

The metaverse is a rapidly expanding field of research and development. It offers numerous possibilities for learning, including multi-user collaboration in a shared virtual environment. As early as 2016, a study by Morgan Le Chenechal highlighted what the metaverse enables: a complete immersion in a collaborative virtual environment that provides learners, whether remote or in the same location, with a shared, rich, and safe learning space.

However, there is currently no ready-made application for creating, deploying, and maintaining a pedagogical metaverse, as highlighted by Mar Gonzalez-Franco in her 2015 scientific publication. Customized creation that addresses specific needs is therefore necessary.

Several works have also been the subject of scientific publications in the field of industrial design. Whether it is about bringing together domain experts from different specialties or organizing collaborative design meetings, virtual reality is emerging as a preferred tool in the industry to complement computer-aided design.

Metaverse and immersive learning

In the context of immersive learning, the addition of multi-user functionality offers new possibilities to simulation

Collaboration: The main advantage for immersive learning is the ability to have learners work together within the simulation. In learning, certain activities require the involvement of multiple operators. Until recently, this required integrating non-player characters into the simulation, with whom interactions were more limited. In a multi-user training, each participant can be assigned a role. It then becomes easy to imagine reproducing a virtual production line. Each learner has a specific role in it, and the work of each individual affects that of others.
Social interactions: The ability for learners to interact with each other helps foster their engagement and motivation. This provides them with the opportunity to help each other in acquiring new skills.
Training multiple learners simultaneously: Unlike an application dedicated to a single learner, multi-user immersion allows for parallel training of multiple individuals at the same time, saving time for the instructor (who can also organize challenges among these learners!).
Remote learning: Provided they have access to the necessary equipment (headset and internet connection), users can connect remotely to the application. Learners and the instructor can share the same experience even if they are located in different parts of the world, without the need for travel.

Difficulties to overcome

Compared to the development of single-user virtual reality applications, collaborative multi-user simulation brings about new challenges and technical hurdles:

Hardware architecture (the set of hardware devices that need to be put in place for the application to work): it involves establishing communication between VR headsets through a server while maintaining a smooth experience. Quality and bandwidth of the internet connection must be ensured if users are connected remotely. For online simulations involving a large number of users simultaneously, the server architecture needs to be adapted (number of simultaneous connections, optimized for parallelization, machine fleet, etc.).
Software architecture and server load optimization: The networked application requires constant communication between users and the server that processes the data. To achieve this, it is necessary to minimize data transfers to prevent the server from being overloaded with processing tasks and ensure satisfactory response times for users. The increase in the number of participants should not compromise the quality of the experience.
Maintenance: The multiplication of usage sites and devices (multiple headsets, network connection, one or more servers) inevitably leads to an increased need for hardware maintenance. As a result, it can be useful to implement additional tools to facilitate this maintenance (fleet management tools for headsets and servers, for example).

Communication for collaboration in VR: Since users can collaborate remotely, it is important to ensure good verbal communication (using integrated voice microphones) as well as non-verbal communication. Other users are represented by an avatar in the simulation, which can be animated using motion capture technology. This allows for more natural and fluid movements from the users. In addition to the head and hand position (captured through the headset and controllers), some devices also enable the capture of the user’s facial expressions.
Performance is crucial to ensure the simultaneity of operations, as maintaining low latency is essential to avoid desynchronization and maintain the consistency of actions. For instance, when a user interacts with an object, it should move/react in the same way in the environments of other users. Given that each user can interact with objects, if two users perform the same action simultaneously, the server must assign priorities to determine which interaction to allow.

Low latency is also important for user comfort. In case of desynchronization between the server and a user, the user may experience a “rubber-banding” effect when resynchronizing, which can be uncomfortable. In virtual reality, this “rubber-banding” effect can cause a loss of spatial awareness and contribute to cyber sickness, a discomfort similar to motion sickness experienced in virtual environments.

Access to relevant information streams by the instructor: a large amount of information is transmitted through the server. The instructor should be able to access real-time filtered, useful, and relevant information for their pedagogical activities. To ensure effective training monitoring, it is necessary to track the learners’ position in the 3D space as well as their progress in the training scenario.
Accessibility for users: Since virtual reality is not yet widely used by the general public, this type of application is sometimes the first VR experience for a learner. Therefore, a user may require assistance from the instructor. For example, users may need assistance with hardware setup (properly fitting the headset, configuring the environment, etc.) or with simulation controls (how to move, interact with objects, etc.).

Experiences already very real

Pioneer of Immersive Learning, Audace has already designed several projects of multi-user virtual reality simulations. Here are two examples:

Project “Halle 4.0” – AFTRAL

In “Halle 4.0,” learners (1 to 3 per session) are immersed in a logistics hall where they play the role of versatile logistics operators. Depending on the scenarios, they either compete against each other or, on the contrary, need to cooperate to accomplish their mission.

Learners can explore various positions such as reception, shipping, order preparation, packaging, and parcel storage and retrieval. They are also trained on best practices for operating carts and safety precautions.

“Decontamination Pool” Project – Orano

Audace developed a virtual reality simulator at the request of Orano to train operators in nuclear pool decontamination interventions. The simulator includes the possibility for two learners to perform certain decontamination operations in the same environment.

The system allows for training of operators outside of the real context, which is inaccessible for training purposes. In a hyper-realistic immersion, technicians can repeat technical gestures as many times as needed and work on their coordination until they are fully operational.

Conclusion

Research and innovation in metaverse technologies have made it more mature and viable in the field of education and training.

The metaverse offers promising prospects for immersive learning by enabling complete immersion in a collaborative virtual environment. Learners can interact in real time, collaborate, and benefit from a rich and safe learning environment. However, there are still challenges to overcome, including the accessibility of the technology, hardware and software constraints, as well as the evaluation of acquired skills. In the field of professional training, the potential of the metaverse remains immense.

When beauty facilitates learning.

A study conducted by Anne Bamford for UNESCO in 2009 in 40 countries shows that the ideal starting point for learning is when the “WOW” factor has been awakened in learners. By activating multiple senses, the aesthetic experience creates a euphoric state that is conducive to neuroplasticity. The “WOW” factor thus serves as a catalyst for learning.

Aesthetic beauty: a catalyst for learning.

As aesthetics or as a pleasant experience, whether visual, auditory, or sensory, beauty facilitates learning. Attractive and aesthetically pleasing environments or materials generate more interest and motivation in learners, who engage more spontaneously in the learning process.

When something is beautiful or visually appealing, our attention is more easily captured. We are then more likely to focus on the content being presented and absorb the information. A study conducted by Bar and Neta (2006) demonstrated that visually pleasing stimuli were processed more quickly and efficiently than less aesthetically pleasing stimuli. This study suggests that beauty could facilitate information processing and enhance cognitive performance.

Positive emotions and memorization through beauty

Aesthetics refers to the sense of beauty and emotion. The experience of beauty provokes positive emotions, such as joy, pleasure, satisfaction, … These positive emotions facilitate the assimilation and memorization of information. By associating information with aesthetically pleasing images or designs, it is easier to remember the illustrated concepts or facts. Research in environmental psychology suggests that “enriched” environments (visually attractive and stimulating) enhance cognitive performance and learning. Thus, a study by Killeen, Evans, and Danko (2003) demonstrated that students in enriched classrooms had better performance than those in less attractive classrooms.

From a more pragmatic point of view, “What is well conceived is clearly expressed, and the words to say it come easily,” wrote Nicolas Boileau (1636-1711). Well-designed and aesthetically pleasing elements are often better organized and clearer, which facilitates understanding and assimilation of information.

Complex concepts can be made more accessible through careful and organized presentation. Research in multimedia learning design examines how visual and auditory elements can be used to facilitate learning. For example, Sweller’s cognitive load theory suggests that aesthetically pleasing and well-organized presentation of information can reduce cognitive load, thereby improving understanding and retention.

Aestheticism for success and engagement

Finally, everyone will recognize that a pleasant learning environment or learning material helps reduce stress and anxiety when faced with a “mountain” of information. Learners naturally feel more comfortable in a calming and aesthetically pleasing environment.

Beauty is, of course, a subjective notion, and what is considered beautiful can vary from person to person. However, in general, the integration of aesthetic and appealing elements in learning promotes engagement, motivation, and the success of learners.

At Audace, we believe that beauty is the minimum we owe to the learner. To achieve this, Audace puts its talents at the service of your talents. Each project receives dedicated attention: an Art Director is assigned to the design of your solution’s interface. According to your preferences, the interface design is aligned with your brand’s graphic charter, your academy’s style, or tailored to fit the storytelling of the learning experience. Our 2D or 3D digital artists then enhance your content, bringing it to life and adding visual richness to support your message. Trained in the top schools such as Rubika and Pôle 3D, our digital artists bring that extra touch of soul to your training programs, making a difference in the overall experience.

Virtual reality (VR) walking experience

Teleportation in virtual reality allows users to move from one location to another in the virtual environment without physically moving in the real space. While teleportation is widely used in VR applications to mitigate potential issues with cyber-sickness or disorientation associated with traditional locomotion methods like walking, it is not realistic and can reduce the quality of user immersion.

To achieve a realistic sense of movement and a perfect sense of immersion, the use of motion tracking devices is necessary. Instead of staying in one place or using the gamepad controls of the headset to move around, room-scale VR allows users to naturally navigate and move within the virtual environment.

Walking in VR: Challenges to Overcome

Walking in virtual reality poses several significant challenges that need to be addressed.

The first and foremost challenge is, of course, the quality of immersion. One of the main goals of VR is indeed to create an immersive experience that gives the impression of truly being in another environment. Non-natural or clumsy ambulation breaks immersion and diminishes the quality of the experience. Ideally, for a truly immersive experience, ambulation in VR should be natural or even mimic the way we move in the real world.

The second challenge is the discrepancy between the visual perception of movement in VR and the potential absence of actual physical movement, which can cause a form of motion sickness. The term “simulator sickness” or “cyber-sickness” is used to describe the symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and headaches that some people experience when using virtual reality headsets. Several studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms behind simulator sickness and propose solutions, such as the use of locomotion systems or manipulation of peripheral vision.

Finally, VR locomotion devices need to address issues of security comfort and safety (users may stumble upon real objects, collide with walls or people, etc.); they should be able to fit into a limited space (users need to explore large virtual environments while remaining in a small physical space ) and be available to the largest number (elderly individuals, people with reduced mobility,… ).

Walking in VR: a constant research topic.

For the past decade, researchers and companies worldwide have been working on these challenges to improve walking in VR. Several techniques have been developed, such as:

Omnidirectional locomotion systems: They allow users to move in all directions without having to change their physical orientation.
Real-walking-based locomotion systems: They allow users to walk in place to navigate through the virtual environment.
Position-based locomotion systems: They enable the user to navigate through a virtual reality environment by using body movements captured by position sensors.

Indeed, from an economic standpoint, virtual reality locomotion systems that enable natural and realistic movement within a virtual environment are expected to have a significant impact on the gaming industry and professional training. Yes, it would indeed lead to better acceptance by everyone who wouldn’t have to learn teleportation anymore.

Deambulation – Virtuix omni one

The ORANO Group has been collaborating with the AUDACE teams for 12 years, resulting in the production of more than fifty projects in the nuclear field. Recently, AUDACE has developed a simulator called “JUMPER.” This device offers an intervention experience in the heart of a highly radioactive confined space.

The learner practices “jumping,” intervening, and exiting a steam generator to replace a “vital” component, the tape. They must perform their work according to the expected standard while minimizing their exposure to radiation as much as possible. Very anxiety-inducing, the virtual reality simulation recreates both the feeling of claustrophobia, the manipulation with limited light, and the imperative of speed of execution that the collaborator must demonstrate.

Comparison table of the "pros and cons" of the Virtuix Omni One treadmill

Benefits	Disadvantages
Provides an immersive VR walking experience	Relatively high cost (around 1800€)
Possibility of omnidirectional movement	Bulky and requires dedicated space
Use of special shoes for a better walking sensation	Requires a learning period for optimal use
Ability to sit down and stand up easily thanks to a pivoting platform	Not suitable for individuals with mobility issues
Offers a motion control system for a smoother experience	May lead to muscle fatigue and soreness after prolonged use
Easy to install and use at home

Deambulation – Kat Walk C2

KatVR, a Chinese start-up, based in Hangzhou, offers its locomotion device called “Kat Walk C2.” It is an omnidirectional walking platform that allows users to walk, run, jump, and crouch in virtual reality. The device consists of a circular platform equipped with a safety harness, which is connected to a central support, allowing the user to move freely in all directions. The motion sensors integrated into the platform track the user’s body movements, while the pressure sensors embedded in the surface of the platform record the movements of the user’s feet.

KAT VR is among the winners of the 2023 IF Design Award, an internationally renowned industrial design award. KAT WALK C2 stood out for its creative design and the quality of the immersive experience it offers.

Comparison table of the "pros and cons" of the kat walk c2 treadmill

Benefits	Disadvantages
Omnidirectional walking device, allowing 360-degree freedom of movement.	The harness system can be cumbersome and uncomfortable for some individuals.
The motion platform is lightweight and compact, providing a more immersive experience without taking up too much space.	Requires a learning curve to become familiar with the walking device.
Can be used with accessories such as virtual weapons for more immersive gaming experiences.

Déambulation – Infinadeck experience platform

The California-based company Infinadeck has created its “Infinadeck Experience Platform,” an omnidirectional walking system that allows users to walk in all directions without leaving the platform. The system consists of a walking platform equipped with freely moving treadmills, as well as a harness that allows the user to walk or run in any direction safely.

Comparison table of the "pros and cons" of the infinadeck expérience platform treadmill

Benefits	Disadvantages
Unlimited freedom of movement in all directions is possible without any limitations.	Unlimited freedom of movement in all directions is possible without any limitations.
Robust design for intensive use in enterprise settings.	Significant space requirement, requiring a dedicated area for installation.
Highly precise position and direction detection system.	Limited to basic locomotion movements, without the ability to run or jump.
Customization options available to meet the user’s specific needs.	Requires some time for beginners to adapt.
Intuitive user interface for easy movement control.

Déambulation – virtualizer elite 2

The Virtualizer ELITE 2 is a virtual reality walking device based on real walking, manufactured by the Austrian company Cyberith. The Virtualizer ELITE 2 allows for complete freedom of movement: users can move in all directions by walking, running, or jumping. The device is equipped with sensors that track the movements of the user’s feet and transmit the data to a computer to synchronize them in the virtual environment.

Comparison table of the "pros and cons" of the virtualizer elite 2 treadmill

Benefits	Disadvantages
It uses natural walking as the movement system, providing a more realistic immersion in the virtual environment.	Requires a fairly large space for use.
Supports both virtual reality and augmented reality.	Fairly bulky and challenging to store.
Features motion sensors to track body and feet movements.	Higher price (+€4000)
Allows for walking in all directions, offering great freedom of movement.	May require a learning period to get used to walking on the walking platform.
Provides handles for balance and stability, ensuring the safety of the user, and has a removable seat for added comfort during extended sessions.	Wearing the harness can be uncomfortable for some users.

Deambulation – cybershoes

Launched in 2018 through a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter, Cybershoes, a virtual reality accessory by the Austrian startup of the same name, are devices for walking-based locomotion in virtual reality. Users wear the Cybershoes (a type of overshoe) on their feet and then sit on a chair and slide their feet on the ground as if they were walking. The shoes are equipped with motion sensors that record direction and speed, and this information is transmitted to the computer to synchronize the movement of the virtual character.

Comparison table of the "pros and cons" of the cybershoes

Benefits	Disadvantages
A compact and lightweight design makes it easy to use and store.	A limited walking system that does not allow for omnidirectional movement.
An affordable approach compared to other locomotion systems, with a purchase price of approximately €350.	Requires a chair or stool for sitting.
Compatibility with most virtual reality headsets.	Continuous foot movement can eventually lead to user fatigue.
A smooth and precise movement system that utilizes the user’s natural walking motion.	Requires a special mat to protect the floors and the user’s shoes.
An immersive and realistic gaming experience that allows users to truly feel present in the virtual world.

Deambulation – stridervr

The StriderVR is a device for real-walking-based locomotion developed by researchers from Düsseldorf. It enables walking, running, jumping, and crouching in a virtual reality experience. It utilizes a circular treadmill, a safety harness, and motion sensors to enable full immersion for the player. The player’s movements are captured by motion sensors placed on the harness and translated into the game.

Comparison table of the "pros and cons" of the stridervr treadmill

Benefits	Disadvantages
The StriderVR is based on real walking, which allows for an immersive and realistic experience.	The StriderVR is relatively expensive compared to other locomotion devices, which can be a deterrent for potential users (approximately €2250 in 2021).
It uses a system of sensors to track the user’s body movements and translate them into in-game movements, providing a high level of movement accuracy.	The device requires a dedicated and sufficiently large play area for users to move freely, which can be a challenge for some users.
It is compatible with a wide variety of games and platforms.	As it is based on real walking, the StriderVR can be tiring for users who are not accustomed to walking for long periods of time.
The StriderVR is easy to assemble and use, with an intuitive user interface for adjusting settings and calibrations.	The device may not be suitable for individuals with mobility issues or disabilities, as it requires a certain level of agility and physical fitness.
The device is compact and portable, allowing for easy storage when not in use.	Some users have reported stability and slipping issues when using the StriderVR, especially on slippery surfaces.

The Audace experience: the Kat Walk Mini for “Bridgestone”.

Bridgestone approached Audace to design an innovative virtual reality device: a tire manufacturing simulator. This device offers several advantages such as a training in technical skills for assembly line operators prior to their start of work without impacting their productivity, optimal safety, a progressive and stress-free experience for new employees without industrial experience (career transition or young workers), and the ability to train a more diverse group, including women.

Audace has recreated seven complete machine tools at a 1:1 scale to create a training experience as close to reality as possible. In this fully simulated “digital factory,” learners can practice mastering the necessary technical skills. They only need a virtual reality headset to undergo training. To facilitate their movement within the virtual factory, the device is associated with a walking pad. The KatWalk Mini treadmill was chosen for this purpose.

"Pros & Cons" Comparison Table of the KatWalk Mini Treadmill (reference: Audace)

Benefits	Disadvantages
Assembly of the components to create the device	Use of the manufacturer’s software
Calibration of the system using the provided documentation	Difficulty at the beginning for the movements on it
Quick setup on the development side	Time required to onboard a new learner on the simulator
Quick contact with manufacturers via WhatsApp
Integration of realistic movement into the simulation

Conclusion

Over the past 10 years, virtual reality locomotion has made significant progress. Position-based, real-walk, and omnidirectional-based locomotion devices provide diverse immersive experiences for users. In 2023, brands like Virtuix, Kat Walk, Infinadeck, Cybershoes, and StriderVR offer locomotion devices that adequately cater to the different needs of users. Indeed, the pursuit of optimal immersion is driving rapid advancements in virtual reality locomotion technology, with new innovations and constant improvements being made. Developers are exploring solutions to make the experience more realistic, intuitive, and immersive.

Discovery and familiarization of workshops or factories in VR.

Il est essentiel de préciser que notre propos ne concerne ni la simulation architecturale des travaux neufs, ni la simulation des méthodes industrielles. We will instead focus on an immersive simulation approach, aiming to optimize the overall efficiency of an organization through research and comparison of configurations.

At AUDACE, simulation plays a central role in the field of training engineering. It offers remarkable visual and demonstrative power, simplifying mediation and facilitating the understanding of operating modes, whether it’s a machine or technical gestures. Its use stands out particularly during different pedagogical phases: discovery, practice, confrontation, evaluation.

Formative simulation offers considerable advantages, particularly among operational audiences who appreciate realism and pragmatism. By bridging the gap between theory and practice, it allows for better assimilation of knowledge. Immersed in the faithful reenactment of their work environment, the learner becomes an active participant in their training, moving away from the passive role of a traditional classroom setting. Constant interactions and scene fidelity contribute to enhancing memorization, concentration, and engagement.

La simulation pour découvrir son environnement de travail

VR simulation is a fantastic tool for an initial contact with the real work environment. Whether it’s to facilitate a recruitment session, onboard new employees or temporary workers, or promote internal team versatility.

In virtual reality, one can safely explore an industrial site spanning several thousand square meters within a limited training area. Virtual reconstitution allows one to become familiar with the layout of the workshops, where they can freely move around and start the machines.

THE F2A NETWORK CASE

This type of device is perfectly exemplified by the bottling line simulator developed for the F2A Network (Network of Vocational High Schools in the Agri-food Industries). It was initiated to address the growing challenges faced by students in accessing production sites for training purposes. Learners can experience the complete bottling process of a juice on a production line, including preparation, configuration, adjustments, and monitoring of production indicators. This way, they are introduced to maintenance interventions as well. Les apprenants étant des étudiants, AUDACE a réalisé des bornes interactives équipées de casques de réalité virtuelle. Each student takes turns wearing the headset while the others observe their actions on the kiosk screen. The trainer, on the other hand, guides and provides commentary.

DIGITAL TWIN IMAGES OF A PRODUCTION LINE IN A BREWERY – CLIENT: F2A NETWORK (10 PROFESSIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION)

THE RHOB CASE (ARCELORMITTAL)

ARCELOR MITTAL was opening a new steel production unit dedicated to steel processing, identified under the name RHOB. As the investment required a swift implementation after the completion of construction, it was necessary to simultaneously train the staff in their future work environment and the tools present there, prior to the actual launch. AUDACE carried out a hyper realistic simulation designed in advance of construction and incorporating all efficiency criteria. : topography and circulation within the future site, operation of tools, process principles, first-level intervention, equipment management, compliance with standards, protocols, and safety.

Simulation for practice and training.

Repetition is always virtuous in pedagogy, provided that it brings together factors of realism conducive to faithful practice. Workshops are rarely conducive environments for training. Dangers, noise, machinery, and vehicle traffic limit trainers’ ability to initiate young operators in workshops. For these novices, simulation is the concrete solution that meets the expectations of hands-on practice and manipulation.

Simulation is undeniably ideal for repeating gestures as many times as necessary and thus making them safe and precise. It also makes sense to use simulation for preparing rare operations that involve a high level of risk. It allows for improving performance and versatility according to expected standards, maintaining one’s workstation, and dealing with complex breakdown situations.

Simulation for confronting risks.

Risky work situations can be divided into two distinct categories:

The first category consists of production situations during which employees may be exposed to hazards related to the environment (equipment, energy flows, machinery, etc.). These are fortuitous cases that are typically protected against by work organization and personal protective equipment.
The second category consists of operators performing interventions that clearly pose a identified danger to their health. It involves individually and voluntarily exposing oneself in a measured manner to a danger for the sake of collective safety gain. For example, by exposing oneself to the dangers of fire in order to save installations or individuals.

For both categories, simulation will allow the recreation of conditions exposing individuals to risks. The learner will then be able to confront situations that require their vigilance, reasoning, compliance, as well as common sense.

For simulations of interventions in hostile environments (virology, chemistry, radioactivity, etc.), the benefits of simulation are evident. It should be noted that training in hazardous environments is the only true tool for evaluating the operational skills of an operator.

AUDACE has developed numerous simulators for confronting known or unknown risks. Fire extinguishing simulator in virtual reality, industrial risk discovery school in augmented reality, simulation of intervention in a radioactive environment…

ORANO GROUP CASE

The ORANO Group has been collaborating with the AUDACE teams for 12 years, resulting in the production of over fifty projects in the nuclear field. Recently, AUDACE has developed a simulator called “JUMPER.” This device offers an intervention experience in the heart of a highly radioactive confined space.

The learner practices “jumping,” intervening, and exiting a steam generator to replace a “vital” component called the “tape.” The learner must perform their work according to the expected standard while minimizing their exposure to radiation. Very anxiety-inducing, the virtual reality simulation recreates both the feeling of claustrophobia, the manipulation with limited light, and the imperative of execution speed that the collaborator must demonstrate.

The program measures everything the learner accomplishes and compares it to pre-recorded standards. The learner is thus continuously evaluated through their choices, actions, reaction time, and achievement of scores. The simulation can then compare the learner’s results to the initial expectations.

Depending on the types of simulation, the program can provide immediate feedback on the quality of task performance. A detailed analysis of actions can be provided as an assessment of the immersion experience.

The trainer can also choose to make the experience more challenging by changing the level (beginner, intermediate, expert) or introducing random events. Another solution is to let an AI (Artificial Intelligence) automatically regulate the metrics of the experience based on criteria predefined by the trainer.

The simulation experience can be created solely for the purpose of evaluating a candidate preparing for diploma exams or applying for a job.

BRIDGESTONE CASE

The BRIDGESTONE Group is deploying a tire manufacturing simulator in Europe to accommodate new entrants. Designed by AUDACE, this virtual reality simulator offers a digital twin of the tire mounting machine.

The objective is first to assess the individual’s ability to reproduce a gesture and then execute it at a precise pace. This tool no longer requires the use of a real machine, consumes minimal raw materials, and almost no energy. The program analyzes in detail what the learner accomplishes, allowing the trainer to focus solely on the debriefing phases.

In all situations requiring repetition, repetitiveness, rarity, or risk, simulation is an operational and competitive solution. Simulation helps solidify knowledge and skills, allowing for training and evaluation of competencies. In a context where the cost of energy and raw materials is skyrocketing, learning on a simulator is an economical and ecological 4.0 solution. A fantastic tool for attracting young people and a formidable tool for continuous improvement for the more experienced individuals.

SNCF Elearning GDPR EXPRESS

Understanding the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), its principles, and the obligations and procedures it imposes for compliance can sometimes be challenging.

SNCF wanted to offer its executive employees, who are not familiar with legal issues, e-learning in order to increase their skills on the subject and acquire the right reflexes as soon as personal data processing is implemented. This e-learning training allows you to understand and memorize the fundamentals of the GDPR law to implement best practices within the Group.

An original e-learning course for a complex regulation

“Imagine yourself traveling on board the RGPD Express train. Samuel, the conductor, asks for your personalized ticket to access your seat. But when you arrive at your seat, your ticket is missing… You alert the conductor, as this could be dramatic! This ticket may contain personal data… But do you actually know what personal data is?…”

To facilitate the understanding of this complex regulation, Audace has proposed an attractive visual universe and storytelling inspired by the crimes of the Orient Express.

The learner becomes a victim of theft. Someone has taken their ticket for the RGPD Express! Under the watchful eye of Samuel, the main character, their learning takes the form of a subtle journey with several stages where they discover all the rules and recommendations outlined by the RGPD before reaching their destination.

To make the training more concrete and enhance its memorization, the story is punctuated with news stories that have occurred in the country, in the form of sensitive case reviews. Quizzes are also offered throughout the elearning, so that the learner understands the issue of losing their data and the risks involved.

The training consists of a core curriculum (approximately 40 minutes) comprising 6 chapters:

Introduction to the RGPD:
Définitions et traitement des données à caractère personnel:
The actors of the RGPD:
The principles to be followed
Documenting and proving compliance.
Quiz

Seven specific elearning modules of 20 minutes on average also make up the training:

Purchasing function
HR function
Communication / Marketing function
Video surveillance / Video protection function
IT Department function
On-board staff function

Discover the project in a video.

Capturing movements for a more immersive experience

As mentioned in a previous article on motion capture and finger tracking, motion capture enables the digitization of the gestures performed by the learner during the simulation. Capturing gestures in virtual reality offers several advantages, including a more immersive experience. Indeed, users can use their hands and bodies to interact with the virtual world. They can move freely within the virtual environment, without being limited by controllers. Interactions with virtual objects are done in a more natural way, with gestures similar to those in the real world. Motion capture allows for tracking the movements of hands and fingers with great precision, allowing for finesse and subtlety. It is therefore understood why many stakeholders are interested in it and are driving its progress.

Once cumbersome to implement or limited to studios equipped with high-end equipment, motion capture is becoming more accessible and lightweight thanks to new solutions available.

Hand gestures

After discovering Senseglove‘s haptic gloves at the 2022 exhibition, our attention has turned to Manus Meta’s Metagloves this year.

Manus Meta Gloves – Quantum Metagloves (5,999 €)

The feedback from our testers :

Practical, the gloves can be easily calibrated to fit the user’s hand size. The capture of finger skeleton movements (finger tracking) appeared to be highly accurate. However, the test was conducted with a single glove, so it was not possible to experience a VR immersion demonstration involving both hands. Thus, some doubts remain regarding the accuracy of 3D hand tracking in terms of the spatial positioning of one hand relative to the other or to the virtual reality headset.

The technology, however, is mature and now has a sufficient level of validation to be reliably integrated into simulators. It also interfaces seamlessly with Unity through a plugin.

Ultimately, it is suitable for dedicated uses where the analysis of delicate finger gestures is required, such as fine craftsmanship, surgery, tactile industrial quality control, and more. However, the ease of use could certainly be further improved, especially in terms of equipment setup time, and the cost remains prohibitive for widespread adoption.

For use cases that require basic finger tracking within the field of view and do not require millimeter-level precision, the finger tracking provided directly from the cameras of the headsets can currently be sufficient. This will also allow for a simpler setup to be maintained.

Analysis of body movements in virtual reality

Traditional optical-electronic motion capture systems (such as Vicon, Qualisys, …) are still considered the gold standard in terms of accuracy. However, they are still too cumbersome and expensive to be implemented in an immersive learning setup.

Therefore, suits equipped with inertial sensors have gradually emerged as a lighter solution. For instance, the manufacturer Movella (with its well-known X-Sens solution) was once again represented at Laval this year. However, their solution still requires a significant financial investment and requires a certain level of expertise to be implemented properly.

However, this sector has not been spared by the AI revolution. The startup area of the exhibition featured move.ai, a company showcasing its technologies capable of measuring full-body movements using just video cameras. And this can be done even using a smartphone camera, without the need for additional sensors or markers.

This solution, extremely easy to deploy, may not offer high precision right away, but it is already sufficient for analyzing the body as a whole and its posture. For example, it can capture the movements and gestures of the learner in the virtual environment and use the data in real-time to provide feedback and guidance. It can helps learners to improve their performance by allowing them to see their movements and compare them to correct movement patterns. Furthermore, it can allow for a detailed analysis of the learner’s performance progression, which can be useful for evaluation purposes. Motion capture helps make learning more interactive, engaging, and effective.

One example of use immediately comes to mind: raising awareness about musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) risks during manual handling operations.

Measuring the emotions of a learner in immersion

Virtual reality immersion is increasingly being used in the field of training and education. However, it can be important to measure the emotions of the learner to improve the effectiveness of this learning method. For example, determining if the learner is able to perform a task in a degraded situation (stress management, reactions to danger, etc.). With this in mind, virtual reality tools have been developed to measure the physiological and emotional reactions of the learner during their VR experience.

The startup Kaptics was present at the Laval Virtual startup hall. The company presented a device for evaluating the user’s emotions during immersion. It is based on a technology that integrates biosensors into a traditional VR headset (the setup currently requires the use of an adapted strap). The solution measures EOG (electrooculogram) signals, EEG (electroencephalogram) signals, and facial EMG (electromyography) to track eye and brain activity as well as facial expressions.

Exploiting this information involves a colossal amount of signal processing work, including sampling, filtering, denoising, and more. Thus, there may have been concerns about a highly complex usage limited to research laboratory settings. This is not the case, as the company has skillfully extracted the relevant information and limited the output to 4 measurements:

the level of attention (focus, especially thanks to EOG which can act as an eye tracker),
the level of relaxation,
the emotional state
heart rate (the last three measurements help estimate the learner’s stress level).

It is easy to imagine how this approach can be integrated into our simulations. For example, it can provide the learner or their trainer with valuable objective and quantitative data. Measuring the stress level of a learner during a simulation involving the handling of hazardous materials or operating a large construction vehicle, for example, can be valuable.

The solution, currently being commercialized, is already available for experimenting with proof of concepts.

For more information on the importance of emotion in learner training, you can read our article “Add Emotion to Your Pedagogy.”

Innovations to assist content production

Simplify 3D modeling through AI

As we have discovered in recent months, generative AI has the potential to revolutionize the production of text content, images, and even music. The latest innovations leave no doubt that this technology is set to have a bright future in the world of 3D creation.

Each immersive learning production involves a preliminary step of 3D creation, which can vary in complexity. This may involve reproducing an entire industrial site, a warehouse, or a digital twin of a complex machine, for example. Our team is, of course, constantly monitoring solutions that will simplify or accelerate this step.

Audace has thus become acquainted with the company Mazing. Mazing develops a promising SaaS solution that uses AI to generate 3D models from photographs.

Exhibiting in the startup hall, this company is still in its early stages. At this point, it remains limited in the range of 3D models it can generate. Indeed, for an AI algorithm to be effective, it must be trained on a large volume of data. This is often a critical step, or even a technical bottleneck, for deploying such a solution. The needs related to the simulators developed by the agency are very specific (tools particular to a profession, rare or sometimes unique machines). Thus, they are not yet part of the recognized elements and may not be supported for some time. The first use case presented by Mazing is rather consumer-oriented: virtual fitting of clothing, including shoes.

Audace remains attentive to this sector, which is evolving at an impressive pace.

Use authoring solutions

The no-code trend (using tools without code) has significantly contributed to the emergence of authoring tools in recent years. These tools, for example, enable trainers to design their own educational content.

Those who have tested these solutions know that they offer undeniable gains in autonomy for the trainer. However, it is important to keep in mind that one cannot necessarily become an instructional designer or artistic director on a whim! The creations produced with these solutions can indeed result in very standardized or tedious content.

The Spectral TMS Case: An Example of an Authoring Solution for Augmented Reality Maintenance

CREATING OPERATING MODES AND EXECUTION ON THE FIELD WITH AUGMENTED REALITY

The goal of this solution is to assist in creating technical operating procedures using an authoring interface, without requiring specific skills in Unity or Unreal Engine. The content generated is then sent to the augmented reality headset of maintenance operators to assist them in real-time on the field in front of the machine to be repaired.

As part of the demonstration at the booth, the Audace team, equipped with Hololens 2 headsets, was able to carry out a task: diagnosing and repairing a fault observed on a PC tower. All of this was achieved without the need for computer expertise!

To do this, the operating procedure detailing the diagnostic steps and corrective actions to be implemented was prepared in advance using the authoring solution provided by the company.

Once on site, the headset first locates the actual PC tower using a QR code attached to it. The headset then displays guidance on the steps of the operating procedure to follow (such as checking certain parts, unscrewing indicated screws, etc.).

The information is not solely top-down. The maintenance technician using the tool always has the option to send field data back to the server. They can enrich the knowledge base with their feedback and observations (photos, comments, suggestions for improvements, etc.).

Our Experts Opinion: The solution appears very promising and user-friendly. It is clear that there are many potential use cases in the industry. It works well, in a simple and intuitive manner, for the end user on the Hololens 2. However, it remains limited to the use of this headset. A version available on smartphones is also offered but, unfortunately, provides less accurate 3D localization. New mixed reality headsets (such as the Meta Quest Pro) are not yet compatible with the solution, but their anticipated support could make the solution more accessible at a lower cost than the Hololens.

Stimulation of the senses for an increasingly realistic immersion

The sense of touch in virtual reality: haptic technologies

Reproducing touch: at the interface with the virtual

The HaptX Gloves G1 – HaptX (US) are currently one of the best haptic technologies for touch feedback in VR. The technology, based on a microfluidic approach, is integrated into a glove through numerous actuators about 2 mm in size, which allows for very high spatial precision in tactile feedback for the hands.

For greater immersion, the glove’s exoskeleton also provides a sensation of resistance and dynamic force feedback when grabbing an object in VR. Additionally, it features a magnetic motion capture technology claimed to be sub-millimeter in accuracy.

Tester feedback: It is impressive and promising to be able to experience a sense of touch in immersion. However, the device presented at Laval Virtual seems more like a technological showcase or proof of concept. It appears impractical to deploy routinely for training. The current size and weight of the system make it difficult for individuals to set up on their own: it is nearly impossible to don the gloves without assistance, and the airpack system (a backpack connected to a pneumatic central unit) adds to the complexity of the setup.

The company announces on its website the upcoming release of a more advanced and much lighter version of the device. We look forward to discovering this future version…

Feeling touch in immersion
The Actronika example (France) (€789.95)

The haptic vest, previously tested by the team at Laval Virtual 2022, has moved beyond crowdfunding and is now starting to be distributed. Compatible with both PC and standalone headsets, this vest enables the simulation of “impacts” or touch sensations through its vibrotactile motors positioned at various locations on the vest.

The software tools provided with the vest allow developers to access a library of sensations and even create custom effects felt with the vest (type of effect, location, intensity, etc.).

Feedbacks provided to learners have so far been primarily limited to visual and auditory stimuli, or a few vibrations in VR controllers. A new dimension opens up here, as content creators will now be able to transmit new feedback signals to the user through their torso.

Tester feedback: The sensations provided by this haptic vest are quite impressive. The location of impacts felt with the vest is very accurate compared to what is seen in the simulation. The intensity of the effects is also satisfactory, allowing users to feel both raindrops and explosions or other projectiles.

Use case examples: Awareness of accident risks (electric arc, explosion, collision with a vehicle, etc.), simulation of a hazardous environment (e.g., projections and splashes of dangerous substances).

Smell and hearing: senses that matter in VR

Olfy’s olfactory solution, already tested last year, was once again present to stimulate the sense of smell. This device adds realistic scents to virtual reality. It uses scent diffusers connected to VR software to create an immersive and multisensory experience.

In terms of hearing, sound undeniably plays a key role in immersing educational modules. Unfortunately, this component is often neglected in content. This is partly due to the necessary equipment and the specific skills required. However, the Audace teams have identified the software from Noisemakers. Marketed as a complete studio for creating immersive sound environments, it notably allows for the creation of 3D spatial soundtracks to accurately perceive the source of sounds in the virtual world.

“Smart” solutions for deploying a fleet of VR headsets

Upon arriving at the show, Audace was struck by the simplicity of this 25th edition. Gone are the bird’s-eye view simulator (Birdly, Laval Virtual 2015), swimming with dolphins in a real pool (Dolphin Swim Club, Laval Virtual 2018), or first steps on the moon with gravity compensation (Apollo Moon Operations presented by Iceberg in 2019). The days of heavy demonstrative installations (such as motorized seats or walking pads) and experiential attractions are over. These are likely now more suited to confidential uses and niche markets and have left the professional days of the show.

In a reverse trend, certainly indicative of the maturity achieved by immersive technologies, exhibitors are now focusing on large-scale deployment. Moreover, VR or AR headsets are not the be-all and end-all of content delivery platforms. Many players are offering multiplatform solutions that are accessible across various devices.

Once the immersive training is completed and validated, scaling up can be a real logistical challenge. When deploying a large number of headsets or training many users, it is necessary to ensure the transportation and storage of equipment, the installation and updating of software, the charging of headsets and accessories, their protection, hygiene measures, and more.

Audace offers assistance for these practical steps. The agency is constantly on the lookout for the best hardware and software solutions to help with this. Laval Virtual showcased some innovations in this area!

Feedback from the show on hardware

Custom cases tailored to each need
The Ino VR case: The company offered a wide range of custom storage solutions. Gone are the traditional foam inserts (custom-cut to store equipment). The cases now include charging solutions with a single cable to charge an entire kit (headsets, controllers, additional batteries, etc.). The Audace team was impressed by the cases that also integrate a powerful PC to run VR applications and a screen (with the option to include a router for multiplayer applications). This solution, ensuring ease and security of transport, is well-suited for trainers traveling to different sites.

A solution to protect headsets
The company TitanSkinVR offers protective frames for most virtual reality headsets. This solution safeguards headsets against theft, damage, and accidental pressure. It is particularly relevant in contexts where many users (not always careful) use the equipment in succession, such as in training centers.

On the software side: simplifying fleet management

Managing a fleet of headsets can be challenging, especially when the devices are distributed among several trainers operating in distant training centers. Few providers offering solutions to simplify this management have been identified.

The company ArborXR emerged at this Laval Virtual. Their SaaS solution, ArborXR, is distributed in France by several partners, including Matts Digital. It allows for remote management of a fleet of AR or VR equipment:

inventory and configuration of devices
remote installation of content and updates,
access to data on device health to facilitate maintenance diagnostics (battery, network, storage, OS, etc.),
access to what the user sees in the headset to assist them if needed